Index of Medieval Art

The Lois Drewer Calendar of Saints
in Byzantine Manuscripts and Frescoes


Calendar of Saints and Feasts for December 10


Menas, Hermogenes and Eugraphus of Alexandria.

Martyred in Alexandria under Maximian.

Synax.CP, Dec. 10, par. 1 (cols. 293-4).

Simeon Metaphrastes, Dec. 10.

BHG 1270-1272; BiblSS IX 345-8; Holweck 704; LCI VIII 7-9.

Mount Athos, Esphigmenou 14, fol. 294r. 1) Menas. Sent to Alexandria. Accompanied by a guard, Maximian, crowned, is seated on a bench in front of a building. He gives instructions to Menas. 2) Menas. Journey to Alexandria. Menas, mounted, rides past a building. 3) Hermogenes. Sent to Alexandria. Hermogenes stands before Maximian, crowned, seated on a faldstool. Two attendants. 4) Menas. Trial. Led to prison. Hermogenes, seated on a bench in front of a building, interrogates Menas, who is pulled by a guard toward the prison. 5) Menas. Torture, tongue cut out; scraping, soles of feet; blinding. Four torturers cut out Menas' tongue, put out his eye, and scrape the soles of his feet. 6) Menas. Praying. Menas, restored to health, raises his hands in prayer toward the half-figure of Christ appearing in an arc of Heaven. 7) Menas. Converting Hermogenes. Menas stands before Hermogenes, seated on a faldstool. Two attendants. 8) Hermogenes. Baptism. Hermogenes, nude, stands in a quatrefoil font. A cleric places his hand on Hermogenes' head. (Pelekanides, Treasures, II, fig. 335).

Mount Athos, Esphigmenou 14, fol. 294v. 1) Maximian. Conference with official. Maximian, crowned, seated on a bench, discusses his trip with one of his officials, Rusticus. 2) Maximian. Journey to Alexandria. Maximian, crowned, rides on horseback toward the walled city of Alexandria. 3) Menas and Hermogenes. Trial. Maximian, crowned, is seated on a faldstool. Menas and Hermogenes stand before him. 4) Hermogenes. Torture, dismemberment. Body burned. Maximian, crowned, is seated at the left. Two torturers have cut off Hermogenes' arms and legs, and thrown his limbs on a bonfire. 5) Hermogenes. Torture, thrown into sea; stabbing with spear. A torturer thrusts a spear into the back of Hermogenes' torso, which is floating in the water. 6) Menas. Torture, suspension. Menas is suspended from an arch by ropes binding his wrists and forming a noose around his neck. 7) Menas and Hermogenes. Trial. Maximian, crowned, is seated on a faldstool. Menas and Hermogenes, their health restored, stand before him. 8) Eugraphus. Martyrdom, sword. Maximian, crowned, strikes Eugraphus, who has fallen to his knees, with a sword. 9) Menas and Hermogenes. Martyrdom, beheading. 10) Menas, Hermogenes and Eugraphus. Relics preserved. The relics of the martyrs, placed in a an iron box, float on the sea. (Pelekanides, Treasures, II, fig. 336).

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Gr. th. f. 1, fol. 20v. Martyrdom, beheading. (Hutter, II, p. 11, fig. 36).

Vatican, gr. 1156, fol. 270v. Three martyrs, holding crosses. (Weitzmann, "Five Martyrs of Sebaste," fig. 6).

Vatican, gr. 1613, p. 234. Martyrs. Martyrdom, stabbing. Emperor Maximian, crowned, seated on a cushioned bench before a building, plunges his sword into the side of Eugraphus. Eugraphus, beardless, holds a closed scroll. An executioner thrusts his knife into Menas' neck. The body of Hermogenes, bleeding from a neck wound, has fallen to the ground. (Menologio, I, pp. 63-4, II, fig. p. 234).

Cozia. Narthex, east wall. Martyrdom, stabbing. (Mijović, Menolog, p. 354, fig. 61, pl. 239).

Dečani. Narthex, center aisle, south wall, soffit. Torture, dismemberment. Torturers cut off the hands of Menas, Hermogenes and Eugraphus. Menas wears bishop's vestments with polystavrion. (Babić et al, Dečani, no. 109, fig. T VI 6; Mijović, Menolog, p. 330, fig. 52, pl. 210; Petković, Dečani, pl. CXXII.2).


Gemellus of Ancyra.
Gemellus of Paphlagonia.

Martyred at Ancyra in Galatia under Julian the Apostate.

Synax.CP, Dec. 10, par. 2 (cols. 294-8).

BiblSS VI 96-7; Holweck 418; LCI VI 355.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Gr. th. f. 1, fol. 20v. Torture, crucifixion. Gemellus, wearing tunic, hangs on a cross. (Hutter, II, p. 11 [unidentified], fig. 36).

Vatican, gr. 1613, p. 235. 1) Torture, dragging. A torturer drags Gemellus, bound, bent over, by a rope around his neck. 2) Torture, crucifixion. Martyrdom, beheading. Gemellus, wearing loin cloth, has been nailed to a cross with suppedaneum. An executioner approaches, brandishing a sword. In background, a small church with cross on gable. (Menologio, I, p. 64, II, fig. p. 235).